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• Anterior cerebral artery Infraction

• Occlusion of ACA is uncommon.

• It cause contralateral sensory and motor symptoms in the lower extremity, with sparing of hand and face.

• Left sided lesion is assosciated with akinetic mutism and transcortical motor aphasia.

• Right sided infraction can result in confusion and motor hemineglect.

• Middle cerebral artery infraction

• Classically presents with hemiparesis, facial plegia and sensory loss over the contralateral side .

• If dominant hemisphere is involved aphasia is often present.

• If non dominant hemisphere is involved inattention, neglect, extinction on double simultaneous stimulation, dysarthria without aphasia and constructional apraxia may occur.

• A homonymous hemianopia and gaze preference towards the side of he infract may also be seen.

• Posterior cerebral artery infraction

• Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and unilateral cortical blindnesss

• Unilateral headache

• Loss of ability to read (alexia) and agraphia, recent memory loss, unilateral third nerve palsy and hemibalismus.

• Vertebrobasilar Infraciton

  • They present with vertigo, headache, nausea, visual disturbance and occulomotor palsies, ataxia, sensory disturbances, limb weakness and oropharyngeal dysfunction.

• Basilar artery occlusion

• Severe quadrplegia, coma and locked in syndrome.

• Locked in syndrome occurs with lesions in the pontine tectum and is characterised by complete muscle paralysis except for upward gaze.

• Lacunar infraction

• They are pure motor or sensory deficits caused by infraction of small penetrating arteries and are commonly associated wiith chronic hypertension.

Lateral medullary Syndrome

• It due to ischemia of lateral medulla.

• Characterised by vertigo, numbness of ipsilateral face and contralateral limb, diplopia, hoarsness, dysrthria, dysphagia and ipsilateral horner's syndrome is called lateral medullary syndrome.