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emmedonline
Dr. Ajith Kumar J MD
Dept. of Emergency Medicne
Travancore Medicity, Kollam
India
editor
Anterior cerebral artery Infraction
Occlusion of ACA is uncommon.
It cause contralateral sensory and motor symptoms in the lower extremity, with sparing of hand and face.
Left sided lesion is assosciated with akinetic mutism and transcortical motor aphasia.
Right sided infraction can result in confusion and motor hemineglect.
Middle cerebral artery infraction
Classically presents with hemiparesis, facial plegia and sensory loss over the contralateral side .
If dominant hemisphere is involved aphasia is often present.
If non dominant hemisphere is involved inattention, neglect, extinction on double simultaneous stimulation, dysarthria without aphasia and constructional apraxia may occur.
A homonymous hemianopia and gaze preference towards the side of he infract may also be seen.
Posterior cerebral artery infraction
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and unilateral cortical blindnesss
Unilateral headache
Loss of ability to read (alexia) and agraphia, recent memory loss, unilateral third nerve palsy and hemibalismus.
Vertebrobasilar Infraciton
They present with vertigo, headache, nausea, visual disturbance and occulomotor palsies, ataxia, sensory disturbances, limb weakness and oropharyngeal dysfunction.
Basilar artery occlusion
Severe quadrplegia, coma and locked in syndrome.
Locked in syndrome occurs with lesions in the pontine tectum and is characterised by complete muscle paralysis except for upward gaze.
Lacunar infraction
They are pure motor or sensory deficits caused by infraction of small penetrating arteries and are commonly associated wiith chronic hypertension.
Lateral medullary Syndrome
It due to ischemia of lateral medulla.
Characterised by vertigo, numbness of ipsilateral face and contralateral limb, diplopia, hoarsness, dysrthria, dysphagia and ipsilateral horner's syndrome is called lateral medullary syndrome.
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emmedonline
Dr. Ajith Kumar J MD
Dept. of Emergency Medicne
Travancore Medicity, Kollam
India
editor